Monday, November 9, 2015

Surveillance in SSTLS and No Place to Hide: the ARA and the NSA (Part 1)

Kristen O’Connor
Blog Post #1
10/26
When I first began reading Super Sad True Love Story, I made a connection between the ARA and our modern-day NSA. As I continued reading, I found this connection to be mostly futile, as our notions of surveillance seem to be rather incomparable.  SSTLS includes a very different view on a person’s private realm; it seems that there really is no “surveillance” in Schteyngart’s dystopia—everyone watches each other willingly and openly. Information and ratings are widely available to the public, unlike today, in which the NSA is the only source collecting and viewing our data. An issue that arises here is that we never know exactly how the information of characters in SSTLS becomes available; however, I would argue that it is directly connected to the ARA because they are seen scanning information, and seem to be all-knowing when it comes to credit rankings. Dissimilar, the NSA that surveillances us behind their computer screens, the ARA is completely public, and freely displays acts of violence against those who do not conform completely.
Regardless, I believe that there are still connections to be made. It is clear that Shteyngart takes many of our current realities, like the attitudes toward fashion, texting, and books, and morphs them into something more extreme and scary. I don’t think he would shy away from doing the same with an issue like surveillance and NSA spying strategies. He finds a way of relating our modern-day NSA with the futuristic ARA but without providing a concrete correlation. As both Snowden and Greenwald suggest, the NSA fights and penalizes non-conformity, and labels those who reject conformity terrorists. In SSTLS, the ARA and fellow government forces fight against those who have data that is diverse, distinctive or unusual from everyday norms, very much like the NSA does today.
The first, seemingly obvious connection that I made was between Lenny and Greenwald’s partner, David, and their encounters at airports. In No Place to Hide, David was detained in the UK under the Terrorism Act of 2000 before making it to Berlin to receive Snowden’s archive of top-secret documents. Similarly, in SSTLS, the otter flagged Lenny after the apparat thought he slept with “some Somalians.” Because both characters performed assumed acts of “wrongness,” they were reprimanded and essentially threatened by authoritative figures. I find this to relate directly to one of Greenwald’s statements about the NSA: “And in every instance, the motive is the same: suppressing dissent and mandating compliance” (4). Both David and Lenny, although doing nothing illegal, were questioned and threatened with consequences—David directly, and Lenny through the otter.  This threat is prevalent in many aspects—after being flagged, Lenny is clearly nervous, as he thinks to himself, “... I did worry. How could I not? Flagged by some fucking otter! Jesus Christ. I instructed myself to relax…” (30). He recognizes the adversity of being flagged, and the intensity of the situation. Similarly, after being interrogated for nine hours, David said he was threatened with prison if he didn’t cooperate completely. He later says, “You realize they can do anything to you” (245).
This part of David’s run-in with the government also reminded me of another part of SSTLS, though a bit later into the story. When contemplating David’s run in with UK security, Greenwald writes, “He had clearly been targeted,” as all passengers on the plane were asked to show their passports (245). David was also forced to give up all of his electronic devices when being interrogated, giving the interrogators access to personal information: “I feel like they invaded my whole life, like I’m naked” (245). This situation closely resembles the situation with the fat man in SSTLS. The U.S. National Guard boards the plane to interrogate and physically harrass the fat man, looking for his apparat, all while he begs, “What did I do? ... I told the beaver everything he wanted” (40).  Directly after, the National Guardsmen take the apparati of the nine American passengers, and scan them for data. Both David and the fat man were subjected to punishment because of a speculated threat due to the government’s collection of data.

It is shown in both Super Sad True Love Story and No Place to Hide that these surveillance administrations spy on everyone, but focus specifically on certain groups that may not “fit in” with what is viewed as acceptable or normal. Greenwald specifically writes,“…The documents left no doubt that the NSA was… involved in economic espionage, diplomatic spying, and suspicionless surveillance aimed at entire populations” (94). Both the NSA and the ARA target non-Americans, but they also make an effort, though more discreet, to track Americans, as well. The NSA tracks almost anyone under the mask of terrorism, like David, while the ARA tends to target those who are immigrants and are low net worth individuals. This is shown specifically once Lenny has been flagged: Nettie Fine says, “Don’t worry. You’ll be okay. A man like you. Creative economy. I just hope your parents’ Credit ranking is strong” (13).  Lenny, because his credit is high, is secure even though he is an immigrant. His parents, also immigrants, may not be safe if they have low credit, however. Although the notion of privacy is extensively different in these different eras, it is clear that both of these surveillance systems can punish anyone deemed unacceptable by a higher authority.

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